This book, which, as its publication shows, remains important and necessary, is now in its third edition.

When the War of Independence began in 1808, King Ferdinand VII of Bourbon came to the conclusion that it was necessary to convene the Cortes in order to try to prevent the decrees issued by King Charles IV from taking effect, as the lack of freedom in the face of the power of Emperor Napoleon I Bonaparte was unquestionable.

Ferdinand VII signed two decrees, the first addressed to the Governing Board so that, when he was in a safe place, he could assume sovereignty and declare war on the Emperor of the French.

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